This paper offers a comparative analysis of the national e-health initiatives in Croatia, Slovenia, and North Macedonia. The stages of digitization in these countries vary significantly, shaped by their unique historical, economic, and policy contexts. This study summarizes key advancements, strategies, and outcomes in each country, highlighting the pivotal role of e-health in modern healthcare systems. E-health initiatives are essential for enhancing service delivery, patient outcomes, and cost efficiency. By examining the historical background, design processes, implementation mech- anisms, and outcomes, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of each country’s journey in digitizing healthcare services. The research is grounded in detailed case studies, offering insights into broader regional efforts and the contextual differences in e-health development. Social mechanism theory is employed to evaluate and explain how and why each e-health system in the analyzed countries achieves its intended results. This evaluation approach, based on the work of Melloni, Pesce, and Vasilescu [1], provides a process-based framework for understanding the relationship between processes, contexts, and outcomes in e-health initiatives.
E-health initiatives, Healthcare digitization, Comparative analysis
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